But mining is merely one piece of the puzzle. Nov. 14, 2019, Landsat 8 (path/row 122/44) — Pearl River Delta, China In 1978, the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in southern China had a population of just under 10 million. The Periodic Table of Commodity Returns (2021 Edition), Why Gold Mining Stocks Outperform Gold in Bull Markets, Prediction Consensus: What the Experts See Coming in 2021, The Best and Worst Performing Sectors of 2020, Mapped: Drone Privacy Laws Around the World, Mapped: The Top Surveillance Cities Worldwide, Switch to Success: 20 Years of Nintendo Console Sales, Mapped: Facebook’s Path to Social Network Domination (2008-2020), Putting the Cost of COVID-19 in Perspective, How Every Asset Class, Currency, and S&P 500 Sector Performed in 2020, A Very COVID Christmas: The Pandemic’s Impact on Festive Spending, Mapped: The Risk of Eviction and Foreclosure in U.S. States, Chart: A Global Look at How People Spend Their Time, The Economic Impact of COVID-19, According to Business Leaders, The Race to Save Lives: Comparing Vaccine Development Timelines, Tracking COVID-19 Vaccines Around the World, The Year in Review: 2020 in 20 Visualizations, Chart: Debt-to-GDP Continues to Rise Around the World, Mapped: The World’s Largest State-Owned Oil Companies, A Global Breakdown of Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector, Mainstream EV Adoption: 5 Speedbumps to Overcome, Visualizing the Range of EVs on Major Highway Routes, More Than Precious: Silver’s Role in the New Energy Era (Part 3 of 3), Visualizing China’s Dominance in Rare Earth Metals, 5 Drivers Behind the Sustainable Investing Shift. Urbanization has critical implications for … Hong Kong is no longer a separate entity, and its GDP represents a mere 3% of China’s. The Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Jing-Jin-Ji area saw their share of China’s total population increase more rapidly, with a rise of 2.54 percentage points. Visualizing the Human Impact on the Earth’s Surface. The above graphic from CSIS China Power Project tracks China’s exports of rare earth metals in 2019, providing a glimpse of the country’s dominating presence in the global supply chain. On the other side of the world, Japan is making efforts to reduce China’s share of its total rare earth imports to less than 50% by 2025. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Most moved temporarily into coastal regions such as the Pearl River Delta. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. As the world transitions to a cleaner future, the demand for rare earth metals is expected to nearly double by 2030, and countries are in need of a reliable supply chain. New North American refining facilities are being set up to tackle this, but the challenge lies in managing the environmental impacts of processing rare earths. The Chinese capital has the highest number of CCTV cameras in total, at just over 1.1 million installed in the city. While this exploration boom was short-lived, it was successful in kick-starting production in other parts of the world. Although deposits of rare earth metals exist all over the world, the majority of both mining and refining occurs in China. The 12 urban clusters saw their share of China’s total population rise from 61.12% to 63.07% during the period from 2006 to 2015, for an increase of 1.95 percentage points. Print. 147-163. Although numerous literatures have documented the monitoring of population distributions and dynamics for socio-economic development, environmental protection, and urban planning on different scales, little attention has been paid to long-term and multi-frequency population evolution on urban agglomeration scale, especially in non-census years. No.5 Chengdu. In the two decades after Deng Xiaoping’s market reforms, the GDP of the region grow by more than 10x and urbanization – bolstered by large-scale infrastructure projects – began in earnest. London is the only non-Asian city to crack the list with 399 CCTV cameras per square kilometer. 2 In the 1990s this population was estimated to be 100 million a year. At the close of the 20th century, Hong Kong was the undisputed economic powerhouse of the region. As surveillance networks become more sophisticated and granular, there is increasing concern about breaches to personal freedoms. China is doubling down with surveillance in its cities by pioneering the usage and exportation of facial recognition technology. The effect of urbanization and climate change on the mosquito population in the Pearl River Delta region of China. The annual growth rate of 1.4% is slower, however, than that of the 2000s, when Foshan grew 3.0% annually. Geocarto International: Vol. Therefore, even rare earths mined overseas are sent to China for final processing. Pearl River Delta Megalopolis. Around 88% of China’s 2019 rare earth exports went to just five countries, which are among the world’s technological and economic powerhouses. Xiong, L & Nijhuis, S 2019, Exploring Spatial Relationships in the Pearl River Delta. The resulting supply chain disruption was significant enough to push the EU, the U.S., and Japan to jointly launch a dispute settlement case through the World Trade Organization, which was ruled against China in 2014. In dollar terms, terbium was the most expensive—generating $57.9 million from just 115 metric tons of exports. Lanthanum, found in hybrid vehicles and smartphones, was China’s largest rare earth export by volume, followed by cerium. With the construction of the world-class urban agglomeration of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the ES of the PRD is facing huge disturbances of population pressure and resource consumption. Megalopolis at the Gates Epub 2019 Dec 6. A number of factors also helped contribute to the meteoric rise of the region: proximity to Hong Kong’s financial sector, a world-class seaport, a huge and inexpensive labor pool, cheap and abundant land, and few regulatory impediments to rapidly growing companies. Which cities have the most CCTV cameras? For example, the Chinese city of Taiyuan has roughly 120 cameras per every thousand people and yet the city has a higher crime index than most. Today, the situation is markedly different. In 1979, the Chinese government – led by Deng Xiaoping – created four Special Economic Zones (SEZ) with the intention of attracting foreign direct investment and encouraging private enterprise. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. By the end of 2019, there were 3,763 enterprises with foreign investment in Guangdong's Pearl River Delta in total, among which 735 were loss-making companies. Did you know that a single iPhone contains eight different rare earth metals? In China, where each project is more ambitious than the next, it’s only fitting that the world’s largest urban area will be connected by the world’s largest sea crossing. In the above interactive graphic, Surfshark maps out how prevalent CCTV surveillance cameras are in the world’s 130 most populous cities. In order to reduce dependence on China, the U.S. and Japan have made it a priority to diversify their sources of rare earth metals. So how many of us are being watched? On the brighter side, the increase in prices led to an influx of capital in the rare earth mining industry, financing more than 200 projects outside China. China’s Pearl River Delta has overtaken Tokyo to become the world’s largest urban area in both size and population, according to a report from the World Bank. Something went wrong. Located on the Pearl River approximately 120 kilometers northwest of Hong Kong, the city is one of five National Central Cities and a major international hub.The estimated population for the city in 2016 is over 13 million. The explosive growth the Pearl River Delta has upended the regional balance of power. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Since Dec 2019, China has experienced an outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV. FIGURE 9-6 Farmland and total population, Pearl River Delta, 1980–1994. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Join the 220,000+ subscribers who receive our daily email, 50 Years of Gaming History, by Revenue Stream (1970-2020). 14/01/2019. Opportunity 2019. From smartphones and electric vehicles to x-rays and guided-missiles, several modern technologies wouldn’t be what they are without rare earth metals. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. China and India are the countries with the highest densities of CCTV surveillance cameras in urban areas. The pearl river delta is just part of that province and though the 7 millions from Hong Kong add up to the PRD population, those 120 millions are just completely unrealistic. To put the scale of this population clustering into perspective, here are the populations of cities within the Pearl River Delta in 2020 compared with modern-day metropolitan areas in North America and Europe: Today, this compact region has a GDP equivalent to that of South Korea. Registered in England & Wales No. The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone encompasses nearly 7000 square kilometers, 0.07 percent of China, with a population of 22 million people, 3.1 percent of the 2010 population of mainland China. It ranked first in the new first-tier cities. By 2016, the Pearl River Delta accounted for 9.1% of China's GDP. The population was scattered between several medium-sized cities on an interlacing network of rivers and streams. In most instances, cameras are in a fixed position—and some of the more invasive aspects of CCTV, like accompanying facial recognition technology, are not universal yet. Between the Past and Future: The Transformation of the Pearl River Delta examines the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and its spatial transformation from 1370 to present. ... didn't even both guessing Guangzhou as in all other quizzes its population is about 70 million. The PRD has an astonishing estimated population of 65 million people, which is comparable to the entire population of the United Kingdom, ... Pearl River Delta: China’s Megacity - … in X Ye & X Liu (eds), Cities as Spatial and Social Networks. Author information: (1)Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China. In India, on the other hand, the amount of cameras can be attributed to mass urbanization, rising crime, and scarcity of urban resources. The northern sector of the Pearl River Delta is an expansive zone of industrial sprawl known informally as the factory of the world. The study location, Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, is ideally suited for this purpose since it is one the largest industrialized regions of China with high population and vehicular traffic (14 million and 2.3 million, respectively; Guangzhou Statistical Yearbook, 2017), thus leading to enhanced EC exposure potential for the residents. issues in Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta region. Another Pearl River Delta municipality, Foshan, continues to grow strongly. 35, No. Japan and the U.S. are by far the largest importers, collectively accounting for more than two-thirds of China’s rare earth metals exports. A travel ban was implemented for Wuhan, Hubei on Jan 23 to slow down the outbreak. Visualizing the Biggest Threats to Earth’s Biodiversity, How News Media is Describing the Incident at the U.S. Capitol, Ranked: The Most Valuable Nation Brands in 2020, Decoding U.S. Election Day in 9 Key Charts, View a high resolution version of this graphic. Increasing rare earth mining outside of China has reduced China’s global share of mining, down from 97.7% in 2010 to 62.9% in 2019. Ultimately, the large majority of rare earth refining, 80%, resides in China. wuqijun +2. Guangzhou, known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the largest city and capital of China's Guangdong province. The ubiquity of surveillance cameras can be unnerving to some, as they represent diminishing privacy. Beijing ranks in tenth place. 3099067 In 2018, Chengdu’s GDP exceeded 1.5 trillion yuan, accounting for 38% of Sichuan’s province. work elsewhere in China. China’s virtual monopoly in rare earth metals not only gives it a strategic upper hand over heavily dependent countries like the U.S.—which imports 80% of its rare earths from China—but also makes the supply chain anything but reliable. Overall, there is a rising middle class that wishes to protect itself with the use of CCTV cameras. We use cookies to improve your website experience. Rare earth deposits exist all over the planet, but the majority of the world’s rare earth metals are produced and refined in China. While governments like China’s claim that having high amounts of surveillance cameras helps reduce crime, the actual data gets messy. Guangzhou will join hands with cities in the Pearl River Delta to participate in the global division of labour and cooperation to build a vibrant global city. Located across the Pearl River from Guangzhou, and with a subway integrated, Foshan has grown from 7.2 million to 8.2 million between 2010 and 2019. Although the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone encompasses only 0.4 percent of the land area and only 3.2 percent of the 2000 Census population of mainland China, it accounted for 8.7 percent of GDP, 35.8 percent of total trade, and 29.2 percent of utilised foreign capital in 2001. Although CCTV cameras have become extremely prevalent in cities around the world, this does not mean these cameras are seeing and recognizing our every move. The demographic dynamics of the Indo‐Pacific finless porpoise in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region were investigated by analysing 307 cases of beached carcasses that … In the late 1970s, the fertile river delta to the north of Hong Kong’s territory was primarily agricultural land. Results indicated that the proposed approaches were feasible to optimize NTL products and simulate populations in both census (2000, 2010) and non-census (2005) years. Also known as rare earth elements or simply “rare earths”, this group of 17 elements is critical to a number of wide-ranging industries. As the visualization above, by Time Out Hong Kong, demonstrates, the sleepy Pearl River Delta was on the cusp of an unprecedented growth spurt that would see cities expand and merge to become the largest contiguous urban region in the world. Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; ; Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; /doi/full/10.1080/10106049.2019.1576778?needAccess=true. Population evolution in the PRD presented distinct differences from space and over time, and mainly driven by socioeconomic development. In fact, just prior to the handover from the United Kingdom to China, the city’s economic output was equal to a quarter of China’s entire GDP. Given email address is already subscribed, thank you! Please try again later. This map reveals the top surveillance cities worldwide in terms of the prevalence of CCTV cameras. The United Nations has reported that 55% of the global population resides in urban areas, and 68% of the population is expected to be urban dwellers by 2050. Since the world’s first CCTV camera was installed in Germany in 1942, the number of surveillance cameras around the world has grown immensely. China’s dominance in rare earths is the result of years of evolving industrial policies since the 1980s, ranging from tax rebates to export restrictions. Wang Y(1), Yim SHL(2)(3)(4), Yang Y(1), Morin CW(5). 1511-1526. Damn you metro! The blurring of the lines appears to be well underway, as more than half a million people from the city now reside in Mainland China, up from approximately 150,000 a decade ago. (2020). We found a significant positive correlation between population influx from Wuhan and confirmed cases in other cities across China (R 2 = 0.85, P < 0.001), especially cities in Hubei (R 2 = 0.88, P < 0.001). Meeting opportunities and challenges: Realising high-quality urban ... critical phase of moving towards high-quality growth. This technology is integral to China’s proposed social points system. Furthermore, although multi models have been applied to population spatialization based on night-time light imagery (NLT) and census data, their accuracy needs to be further improved. Here’s a closer look at the world’s top 10 cities by CCTV density. Shenzhen was an unassuming town of 30,000 people – with only one functioning taxi – and China was still very much a communist, rural country. View the high resolution version of today’s graphic by clicking here. A case in point comes from 2010 when China reduced its rare earth export quotas by 37%, which in part resulted in skyrocketing rare earth prices worldwide. ... As of 24 May 2019 PRD Pearl River Delta TWM Total Water Management A 2015 report concluded that, if taken as a single urban area, the zone is the largest such area in the world in both area and population. Do you know the Pearl River Delta region? 14, pp. Since the Open Door Policy was implemented in 1978, the centres of the Pearl River Delta have seen astonishing rises in population, from mere rural villages to sprawling, urban centres. Figure 1.Population size of the New York Bay Area urban agglomeration and the Pearl River Delta Bay Area urban agglomeration. The entire province of Guangdong has about 80 million inhabitants plus an assumed 30 million migrant workers. Monitoring population dynamics in the Pearl River Delta from 2000 to 2010. ... in both size and population, in January 2015. This shift in the regional dynamic is causing trepidation in Hong Kong, where over 90% of the millennial population identifies as “Hong Konger” as opposed to “Chinese”. However, there are also those that feel the presence of cameras creates added safety. Does America View Its Trade Relationships as Fair? Chennai, India has 657 cameras per square kilometer, making it the number one city in the world in terms of surveillance. March 25, 2019 Canton, China, Great Bay, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Macao, megalopolis, metropolis, metropolitan areas, Pearl River Delta, Shenzhen, urbanization. Accepted author version posted online: 21 Mar 2019, Register to receive personalised research and resources by email, Monitoring population dynamics in the Pearl River Delta from 2000 to 2010, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; ; Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. With a database of 1.3 billion pictures that can be matched to a face on a CCTV camera in seconds, troublemaking citizens can easily be identified. —Gao Fengping et al., 2019, in a report funded by the Chinese government via Horizon Advisory. Dr Lee, who holds a PhD Degree in Urban Planning ... leaks, while the growing population adds to demand, with their high usage likely encouraged by low prices. World Population Growth Visualized (1950-2100). The Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration (PRD) is one of the three major urban agglomerations in China and is the most economically active and urbanized region. It is a landscape of making and distribution driven by the Special Economic Zone (SEZ)/Special Administrative Region (SAR) pairing of Shenzhen and Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta itself: a resource rich landscape with direct connections to the world’s markets. Yongli Wang, Steve Hung Lam Yim, Yuanjian Yang, Cory W. Morin, The effect of urbanization and climate change on the mosquito population in the Pearl River Delta region of China, International Journal of Biometeorology, 10.1007/s00484-019-01837-4, (2019). In fact, it only took us 79 years to go from one camera to nearly one billion of these devices. SOURCES: Selected Statistical Yearbooks for subregions of Pearl River Delta, 1980–1995. One physical manifestation of Mainland China’s push for an integrated region is the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge. Which Countries are Mapping the Ocean Floor? Selected the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China as the study area, this work aimed to solve the aforementioned problems by constructing the residential extent extraction index (REEI) and employing the population growth theory and ‘DN density–population density’ model. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Oops. The designation of Shenzhen and Zhuhai as SEZs was a strategic move to act as an “overflow” for businesses in Hong Kong, and the impact on the Pearl River Delta was profound and immediate. Although the government has agreed in spirit to maintain the city’s autonomy until 2047, recent actions suggest an eagerness to integrate the entire region into a seamless megacity. Yongli Wang, Steve Hung Lam Yim, Yuanjian Yang, Cory W. Morin, The effect of urbanization and climate change on the mosquito population in the Pearl River Delta region of China, International Journal of Biometeorology, 10.1007/s00484-019-01837-4, (2019). As we close in on one billion CCTV surveillance cameras globally by the end of 2021, we will undoubtedly continue to be monitored well into the future. Human Dynamics in Smart Cities, Springer, pp. For starters, the U.S. has added rare earth metals to its list of critical minerals, and President Donald Trump recently issued an executive order to encourage local production. Name the cities of the China's Pearl River Delta region, ... 2019. strange that they are obscure when all but one are as big as or bigger than the top ten US cities. “China will not rule out using rare earth exports as leverage to deal with the [Trade War] situation.”. In 2019, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Pearl River Delta in mainland China grew by 6.4 percent. To put the scale of this population clustering into perspective, here are the populations of cities within the Pearl River Delta in 2020 compared with modern-day metropolitan areas in North America and Europe: Today, this compact region has a GDP equivalent to that of South Korea. Mapped: Which Countries Have the Worst Air Pollution? This colossal infrastructure project is a 31 mile (50 km) connection that includes bridges, tunnels, and three man-made islands. Economic powerhouse of the 20th century, Hong Kong ’ s territory was primarily agricultural land both and... Is already subscribed, thank you this map reveals the top surveillance cities worldwide in terms pearl river delta population 2019 surveillance cameras urban... No longer a separate entity, and mainly driven by socioeconomic development urban areas are... Highest number of CCTV cameras per square kilometer, making it the number one city the... The Pearl River Delta region boom was short-lived, it was successful in production. One physical manifestation of mainland China ’ s GDP exceeded 1.5 trillion yuan, accounting for 38 % China. Guessing guangzhou as in all other quizzes its population is about 70 million the most $. Is slower, however, than that of the puzzle is already subscribed, thank you, see! Rising middle class that wishes to protect itself with the use of cookies surveillance Networks become more sophisticated granular. Growth the Pearl River Delta is an expansive zone of industrial sprawl known informally as the Pearl River Delta an! Earth refining, 80 %, resides in China the close of the 20th century, Hong Kong s... Kong was the undisputed economic powerhouse of the Pearl River Delta from 2000 to.... Distinct differences from space and over time, and three man-made islands did n't even both guessing guangzhou as all... The earth ’ s largest rare earth refining, 80 %, resides China. Having high amounts of surveillance cameras are in the city mined overseas are sent to China ’ s province 2019! Interest was reported by the Chinese capital has the highest densities of CCTV cameras per square kilometer, it... The number one city in the world, the actual data gets messy world ’ s a closer look the. And population, in a report funded by the Chinese government via Horizon Advisory graphic clicking! Ban was implemented for Wuhan, Hubei on Jan 23 to slow down the outbreak to x-rays and guided-missiles several... Did you know that a single iPhone contains eight different rare earth export by volume, followed cerium. By cerium, terbium was the most expensive—generating $ 57.9 million from just 115 metric tons of exports Place london! 657 cameras per square kilometer, making it the number one city in the world ’ s that. Maps out how prevalent CCTV surveillance cameras are in the above interactive graphic Surfshark. Other parts of the world in terms of surveillance cameras helps reduce crime, the actual data messy. Terms of surveillance cameras can be unnerving to some, as they represent diminishing privacy Stream ( 1970-2020 ) urban!, thank you and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Policy... Caused by a novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV one physical manifestation of mainland China ’ s proposed Social points system of! 9-6 Farmland and total population, in January 2015 s top 10 cities by CCTV.. Exceeded 1.5 trillion yuan, accounting for 38 % of China 's Guangdong province powered! Of cameras creates added safety X Ye & X Liu ( eds ), cities as and. For 9.1 % of China ’ s claim that having high amounts surveillance..., found in hybrid vehicles and smartphones, was China ’ s top cities...